policy

Written by Carey S. Cadieux, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, RYT, FAAN

As many of us struggle with the threats to public health under the current adminsitration, we may feel unempowered and discouraged. It’s important as patient and population advocates, and as the largest number of healthcare care providers, that we take steps toward finding small ways we can make a difference. Sharing our knowledge and calling for what is right for the health of the American people is something we can do in our everyday lives.

I have been greatly concerned about access to vaccines. For about a week in my state of New York, I haven’t been able to access a COVID vaccine as a prescription is required. For a number of reasons I couln’t obtain a prescription even though I have qualifying factors and I was about to travel to another state to obtain care until the Governor Hochul of New York wrote an executive order that ensures that all the people of New York State can receive a COVID vaccines without a prescription. Her executive order ensures that for the next 30 days, all NEw Yorkers can access a COVID vaccine, and the legislature will be charged with creating an official long term legislative move that will ensure access to all vaccines remain in place for New Yorkers. Ideally her actions alongside those of the governors of Massachusetts, California, and New Mexico will be replicated by other states.

Meanwhile, we have an opportunity to make our voices heard to the Avdisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the CDC prior to their next meeting in 7 days time. Until Spetember 13 @11:59 pm EDT, you can send a comment to the committee expressing your concerns the ACIP will be discusisng revisions to vaccines that can be adminstered to children and the vaccine schedule that dictates how ACA insurance is used (or not) to pay for vaccines. Their recommendations will also apply to the Vaccines for Children program, which has been highly successful at ensuring children have access to vaccines.

The call for comments can be read here: file:///Users/careycadieux/Downloads/CDC-2025-0454-0001_content%20(1).pdf

Your own comments with a 500 word maximum can be made here: https://www.regulations.gov/document/CDC-2025-0454-0001/comment

It’s important to consider what you want the ACIP to hear; while personal stories may be moving, it’s also appropriate that we include data and factual information in our comments. Start by letting the committee know you are an RN and why you are writing the comment. Include some links to articles or websites to support your ideas. Tell them what you want them to do. Remain professional. Include stats if you find them. Also, my entry is approaching the 5k word limit, but even just a few hundred works can have an impact.

You have the power!

Here is an example I submitted today (at the time of this blog posting it is still awaiting approval).

As a registered nurse with a PhD, an interest in public health, a fellow of the American Nurses Association Advocacy Institute, a Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing, and a background in public policy, I am deeply concerned about the current state of the CDC’s vaccine stance and the next steps for the ACIP. The recent proposal to limit access to the hepatitis B, MMRV, RSV, and COVID vaccines could end up being disastrous for the United States citizens. This is likely to end up costing the country and its citizens greatly on many levels. The ACIP vote, scheduled for September 2025, will, in great part, determine the future of our nation’s health.

There is a significant public health concern that people, particularly children, should be vaccinated, and that the vaccines be covered by marketplace/ACA insurance, as well as the Vaccines for Children Program. A study performed by the National Institutes of Health with scientists from Henry Ford Health found that the some of the most impactful risk factors for the spread of COVID-19 in households include obesity and children as vectors (Siebold et al., 2022).

Our public health system needs to vaccinate people to reach and/or maintain herd immunity for many preventable diseases. Herd immunity refers to the evidence-based concept where enough people are vaccinated to prevent the rapid spread of infectious agents. According to the Cleveland Clinic (2022), achieving herd immunity from COVID-19 required vaccination levels of up to 85% of the population, which we failed to achieve; hence, COVID-19 is now considered to be an endemic disease. Restricting access to vaccines contradicts the well-established scientific evidence that vaccines protect populations from infectious diseases, decrease overall healthcare costs, and safeguard vulnerable populations (Ashby & Best, 2021).

The ACIP must also consider the cost of ongoing vaccine hesitancy and the lack of public health system support for accessing vaccines. A Kaiser Family Foundation study estimated that the cost of 690,000 vaccine-preventable COVID-19 hospitalizations in June-November 2021 was $13.8 billion (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2021). The CDC’s own research has found that the Vaccines for Children Program is effective. From 1994 to 2023, this program prevented 508 million lifetime cases of illness and 32 million hospitalizations, while also saving $540 billion in direct medical costs and $2.7 trillion in societal costs (Zhou et al., 2024).

Additionally, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in people over age 50 are not just costly; VPD hospitalized patients incurred worse clinical outcomes, greater loss of independence, and increased mortality and morbidity versus control groups (Hartman et al., 2024). The indirect costs of low vaccination rates include lost productivity, increased public health costs, diversion of public health resources, and higher insurance premiums. At a time when societal and US debts are rising at an alarming rate, not supporting access to free vaccines on a clearly defined and evidence-based schedule is an ingredient of a recipe that results in US economic failure.

Instead of focusing on restricting vaccines, the CDC and the ACIP should be focusing on overcoming vaccine hesitancy so that adults and children can be properly vaccinated according to an evidence-based schedule. In the best interest of the health of the US citizens, the proliferation of fear around vaccines needs to come to a halt, and the polarization of vaccine acceptance needs to be rebuked. The CDC needs to overcome vaccine hesitancy by supporting doctors, nurses, and pharmacists in their efforts to educate people about the acceptance of vaccines and their effectiveness at maintaining both individual health and the health of the population. The APIC, by supporting an evidence-based CDC vaccination schedule and a regulatory system that encourages vaccination for children and adults, could address the main components of vaccine hesitancy: lack of confidence in vaccines, complacency, and lack of vaccine access/ convenience (Gregory et al., 2023). The ACIP and CDC should not be creating road blocks around the people’s access to life saving vaccines.

When considering the moral and ethical implications of vaccine programs and mandates, governments must always prioritize maximizing public benefit and minimizing public harm (Jalilian et al., 2023). The unintended consequences of the ACIP not fully supporting an evidence-based vaccination schedule from the CDC, include increased costs to the system, further division of the US population around this issue, and growing vaccine hesitancy.

I urge the ACIP to vote in favor of evidence-based decisions regarding vaccine effectiveness and ensuring availability to all people in the population. You are charged with minimizing harm, overcoming vaccine hesitancy, enhancing access to vaccines, and reducing overall costs to the US government and the American people.

References:

Ashby, B. & Best, B. (2021). Herd immunity. Current Biology, 31(4), R174-R177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.006

Cleaveland Clinic. (2022). Herd immunity. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22599-herd-immunity

Gregory, P., Gill, M., Datta, D., & Austin, Z. (2023). A typology of vaccine hesitancies: Results from a study of community pharmacists administering COVID-19 vaccinations during the pandemic. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 19(2), 332-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.016

Hartmann, M., Servotte, N., Aris, E., Doherty, T.M., Salem, A., & Beck, E. (2024). Burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in adults (50+) in the United States: a retrospective claims analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 2960. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20145-0

Jalilian, H., Amraei, M., Javanshir, E., Jamebozorgi, K., & Faraji-Khiavi, F. (2023). Ethical considerations of the vaccine development process and vaccination: A scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1), 255. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09237-6

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2021). Unvaccinated COVID patients cost the US health system billions of dollars. https://www.kff.org/covid-19/unvaccinated-covid-patients-cost-the-u-s-health-system-billions-of-dollars/

Seibold, M. A., Moore, C. M., Everman, J. L., Williams, B. J. M., Nolin, J. D., Fairbanks-Mahnke, A., Plender, E. G., Patel, B. B., Arbes, S. J., Bacharier, L. B., Bendixsen, C. G., Calatroni, A., Camargo, C. A., Jr, Dupont, W. D., Furuta, G. T., Gebretsadik, T., Gruchalla, R. S., Gupta, R. S., Khurana Hershey, G. K., Murrison, L. B., … HEROS study team. (2022). Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households with children with asthma and allergy: A prospective surveillance study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 150(2), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.0

Zhou, F., Jatalaoui, T.C., Leidner, A.J., Carter, R.J., Dong. X., Santoli, J., Stokely, J.M., Daskalakis, D.C., & Peacock, G. (2024). Health and economic benefits of routine childhood immunizations in the era of Vaccines for Children Program- United States, 1994-2023. MMWR Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 73, 682-685. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7331a2.htm

I have been thinking a lot lady about women’s need for healthcare and oppression of women. A lot of this thinking has been spurred on by my facebook account, which lets me know that the new administration is planning on defunding planned parenthood, cutting medicare, and possibly replace the Affordable Care Act with Health Saving’s Accounts (the last one has to be a joke…right? HSA of the average American will not pay for hospitalizations and major medical issues).

The defunding of Planned Parenthood (PP) makes little to no logical sense, as no federal money is used to support abortions (which seems to be the GOP platform reason for why PP should be de-funded). I myself used PP as a young uninsured nursing student and even when I became a nurse with no insurance. PP was in fact my primary care for many years and PP offers great care options for women.

This year when it came to my yearly exam, instead of literally waiting 8-12 weeks for an “annual” appointment with an MD or DO, I decided to have my basic needs met through PP. They take my insurance (which I am ever so grateful for) and I could make an appointment for a few days from when I went online. I could cancel my appointment online.

When I arrived, I was pleased to see a bowl full of condoms sitting out. I was in the waiting room with one other male in his mid-20’s, it was mid-day on a Monday. When I went back to the exam room, after only waiting about 10 minutes, the MA took my weight, BP, and did a brief health history with me. An NP was with me shortly after this, and we discussed many of prohormones and my overall health concerns. She did a breast exam, gynecological exam and pap smear, discussed peri-menapause with me, and she even spent a few minutes talking with me about my tween and what the latest approaches were for sexually active teens (including answering my questions about HPV and what my daughters’ experience might be like should she come to a PP for birth control when she is a teen).

I have to admit I was more comfortable here then visiting my primary care doctor, the one who is listed on my insurance. I like getting care from NPs, I trust them and appreciate the time they devote to prevention. The routine felt comfortable and I was at ease. I left with a plan to address some of my health concerns with other healthcare professionals and with an increased knowledge base around my own health and even my daughters’ future sexual health. Although my insurance paid for this health prevention visit, I made a donation to PP on the spot before I left the building. Omeprazole is used to treat conditions where reduction in acid secretion is required for proper healing, including stomach and intestinal ulcers (gastric and duodenal ulcers), the prevention and treatment of ulcers associated with medications known as NSAIDs, reflux esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, heartburn, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). You can get losec prescription medicine online at https://www.ukmeds.co.uk/treatments/acid-reflux/losec-20mg/.

I want PP to be around when my daughters’ might need them in the next few years. If you feel the same, I hope you will join me in contacting your legislative body and your local PP to see how you might be of assistance. To learn more about how to contact your representative in Washington DC, please visit: http://www.house.gov/representatives/find/